The characterization and study of physical parameters of. The earliest published work on nonoxide glasses wa s a paper written by carl schulzsellack in 1870. Eg is the study of the reflectivity spectrum of light in the absorption band, of photoemission and energetic losses of the electrons reflected by solids 17. Part one outlines the preparation methods and properties of chalcogenide glasses, including the thermal properties, structure, and optical properties, before going on to discuss mean coordination and. Chalcogenides, are particularly noted for their functionality, with strong. Chalcogenide glass an overview sciencedirect topics.
New candidate multicomponent chalcogenide glasses for. Chalcogenides are compounds formed predominately from one or more of the chalcogen elements. Two experimental approaches were used in attempts to compound non oxide chalcogenide glasses based on the transition element titanium. Chalcogenide glasses find wide applications in various fields of uptodate technology due to their peculiar properties 1, such as target materials of television how to cite this paper. Preparation, properties and applications woodhead publishing series in electronic and optical materials book 14 kindle edition by adam, jl, zhang, x download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Applications of chalcogenide glasses in integrated and. Recently, a new technology for the deposition of chalcogenide glass materials as thin films onto a given silicon substrate could be introduced, namely the pulsed. There was very little further research done on the subject until 1950 when the same glass compositi on was investigated by rudolf frerichs and the. We have shown that it is not possible to deposit high concentration cu doped chg glassy. Next generation chalcogenide glasses for visible and ir. Such glasses are covalently bonded materials and may be classified as covalent network solids. Amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors and glasses describes developments in the science and technology of this class of materials. This report describes a study designed to explore the different properties of two different chalcogenide materials, as2s3 and as24s38se38, when subjected to photolithographic wetetching techniques. Pdf applications of chalcogenide glasses in electronics and.
Hughes this thesis focuses on two different, but complementary, aspects of the modification of gallium lanthanum sulphide gls glasses. Modified chalcogenide glasses for optical device applications arxiv. They are covalently bonded materials and, although they may be amorphous or crystalline, they are fundamentally semiconductors with a band gap typically of ev, depending on composition. Request pdf on jan 1, 2016, delaizir, gaelle and others published chalcogenide glasses find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Polonium is also a chalcogen but is not used because of its strong radioactivity. Chalcogenide glasses have drawn great interest for their high refractive index, lowloss in midinfrared, a wide range of photoinduced phenomena, and optical nonlinearities. Other articles where chalcogenide glass is discussed. Photonics, which uses photons for information and image processing, has been labeled the technology of the 21 st century, for which nonlinear optical processes provide the key functions of frequency conversion and optical switching. Th ey are easy to synthesize in bulk and thin film forms and their compositional flexibility allows tuning of optical properties such as refractive index making them ideal for infrared photonics. Lp semiconductors 2 electronic structure of glasses is very similar to crystals very similar shortrange atomic structures photoemission.
They are ideal candidates for various applications in infrared optics, such as lenses, all. Chalcogenide glasses possess properties intermediate between organic polymers and oxide glasses. The etch rate curves can be used in selecting etching conditions for specific stoichiometry and film thickness. The thermal characteristics glasstransition tg, crystallization tcr and melting tm temperatures are determined using differential thermal analysis. Download pdf amorphouschalcogenidesemiconductorsand. The general method for the investigation of the energy spectrum of electron states in the range h. Modified chalcogenide glasses for optical device applications. Chalcogenide glasses have good infrared transparency, high refractive index and low optical loss, so the possible application of these glasses are in optical wave guide, infrared optical fibres. The amorphous semiconductor like chalco genide glasses are basically insensitive to doping and behave as ptype semiconductor because of pinning of. This thesis focuses on two different, but complementary, aspects of the modification of gallium lanthanum sulphide gls glasses.
Another loss mechanism unique to chalcogenide glasses is the weak absorption tail w at which. Pdf following the development of the glassy chaleolgenide field, new optoelectronic materials based on these materials have been. For the atomic structural components, listed at the lefthand side in figure 11, we have obtained relatively firm knowledge of the shortrange structure, which covers the coordination number, the bond length, and the bond angle. Chalcogenide glasses are thermally stable, chemically durable, mechanically flexible, and easily fiberized. Chalcogenide glasses can be regarded as glassy semiconductors, and the level of our present understanding can be summarized as follows. Solutionprocessing offers a pathway to fabricate complex chalcogenide structures for electronic, imaging and photonic applications. Although first studied over fifty years ago, interest in chalcogenide glasses has, over the past few years, increased significantly as glasses, crystals and alloys find new life in a wide range of photonic devices. Thermodynamic investigations of chalcogenide glasses from. Electronic structure nb 1 electronic structure of binary, etc, chalcogenide glasses is very similar to that of pure chalcogens. Pdf chalcogenide glasses, which are among the technologically very important materials, contain at least one chalcogen element as a major constituent. Chalcogenide glass pronounced hard ch as in chemistry is a glass containing one or more chalcogens sulfur, selenium and tellurium, but excluding oxygen.
Chalcogenide glass is containing one or more chalcogens sulfur, selenium and tellurium, but excluding oxygen. The etchant was selected from the literature and was composed of sodium hydroxide. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading chalcogenide glasses. Glassy samples from the gese2sb2te3cdte system are synthesized. Modified chalcogenide glasses for optical device applications by mark a. Studies on structural, electrical, and optical properties. Chalcogenide glasses, namely the amorphous compounds containing sulfur, selenium, andor tellurium, have emerged as a promising material candidate for integrated photonics given their wide infrared transparency window, low processing temperature, almost infinite capacity for composition alloying, as well as high linear and nonlinear. Refractive index dispersion of chalcogenide glasses for.
Their photoconductive properties are also valuable. Other physical properties of chalcogenide glasses related to their use as optical materials, compare favorably with conventional infrared optical materials. Ge15ga10te75 chalcogenide glass for farir optics applications. Preparation of lowloss ge15ga10te75 chalcogenide glass for far. Chalcogenides are materials containing one or more chalcogen elements e. Integrated flexible chalcogenide glass photonic devices. Optical nonlinearities in chalcogenide glasses and their. The optical transmission window of chalcogenide glasses, like other dielectric materials, is limited intrinsically by three physical phenomena. Chalcogenide glasses of the systems gesnse, gesete, and gesnsete have been prepared.
This report describes a study designed to explore the etchability of two different chalcogenide materials, as2s3 and. Chalcogenide materials behave rather differently from oxides, in. This book offers an uptodate treatment of chalcogenide glasses and amorphous semiconductors from basic principles to applications while providing the reader with the necessary theoretical background to understanding the material properties technology of this. Such properties have enabled many chalcogenidebased applications to be developed in diverse fields including photonics, medicine, environmental sensing and security. Physical properties and applications of chalcogenide glasses ijapbc. Chalcogenide glass fiber is one of the most promising candidates for use as a nonlinear optical medium because of its high optical nonlinearity and long. The glasses were characterized by xray diffraction, dsc differential scanning calorimetry, sem with edx analysis, ftir spectrometry, density, and microhardness measurements.
The chalcogenide glasses 1 are based on group 16 elements of the periodic table. The contribution has been particularly innovative in different sectors. Chalcogenide glasses for photonics device applications. In both chalcogenides, the glasses exhibit a super. Several compositions were found suitable for drawing fibers for co 2 laser radiation. This chapter begins with an overview of chalcogenide. Topological phases of chalcogenide glasses encoded in the.
More importantly, it has benefits in flexibility and integration as compared to conventional methods. The modern technological applications of chalcogenide glasses are widespread. These gla sses are less robust, more weakly bonded materials than oxides 4. To better explore some of the physical and chemical factors underlying the glass transition, the values of t g for arsenicand germaniumbased binary chalcogenide glasses are plotted in. The silicone membrane divided the space within the cup into a bottom chamber pumped out through a hole in the heating plate and.
Since chalcogenideglass fibers transmit in the ir, there are numerous potential applications in the civil, medical, and military areas. Chalcogenide glass materials for integrated infrared photonics. The chalcogenide glasses are amorphous semiconductors, exhibiting an optical bandgap. Firstly the addition of transition metal ions as dopants is examined and their potential for use as active optical materials is explored. Chalcogenide glasses for acoustooptic devices pdf free. Influence of annealing conditions on the optical and. Optical properties of chalcogenide glasses and fibers. Applications of chalcogenide glasses the first chalcogenide glass to be commercially developed was a 2 s 3, produced for passive, bulk optical components for the midir in the 1950s.
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